IPA Pronunciation Guide

The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of symbols that represents the sounds of spoken language. Lingden uses IPA on every flashcard so you know exactly how to pronounce each word.

Tap the button to hear each sound.

Vowels

//
Long "ee"
eat /iːt/
/ɪ/
Short "i"
in /ɪn/
/e/
Short "e"
egg //
/æ/
Short "a"
cat /kæt/
/ʌ/
Short "u"
up /ʌp/
/ɑː/
Long "a"
father /ˈfɑːðər/
/ɒ/
Short "o"
hot /hɒt/
/ɔː/
Long "or"
door /dɔːr/
/ʊ/
Short "oo"
book /bʊk/
//
Long "oo"
moon /muːn/
/ɜː/
"Ur" sound
bird /bɜːrd/
/ə/
Schwa
about /əˈbaʊt/

Diphthongs (combined vowels)

//
"ay"
day /deɪ/
//
"eye"
ice /aɪs/
/ɔɪ/
"oy"
boy /bɔɪ/
//
"ow"
now /naʊ/
/əʊ/
"oh"
go /ɡəʊ/
/ɪə/
"ear"
near /nɪər/
//
"air"
care /keə/
/ʊə/
"pure"
pure /pjʊər/

Consonants

/p/
Voiceless "p"
pen /pɛn/
/b/
Voiced "b"
bat /bæt/
/t/
Voiceless "t"
top /tɒp/
/d/
Voiced "d"
dog /dɒɡ/
/k/
Voiceless "k"
cat /kæt/
/ɡ/
Voiced "g"
go /ɡəʊ/
/f/
Voiceless "f"
fat /fæt/
/v/
Voiced "v"
van /væn/
/θ/
Voiceless "th"
think /θɪŋk/
/ð/
Voiced "th"
this /ðɪs/
/s/
Voiceless "s"
sit /sɪt/
/z/
Voiced "z"
zoo /zuː/
/ʃ/
"sh"
ship /ʃɪp/
/ʒ/
"zh"
vision /ˈvɪʒən/
//
"ch"
chip /tʃɪp/
//
"j"
jam /dʒæm/
/m/
"m"
man /mæn/
/n/
"n"
no /nəʊ/
/ŋ/
"ng"
sing /sɪŋ/
/l/
"l"
let /lɛt/
/r/
"r"
red /rɛd/
/j/
"y"
yes /jɛs/
/w/
"w"
wet /wɛt/
/h/
"h"
hat /hæt/

Non-English vowels (European & other languages)

/ɛ/
Open "e"
bet /bɛt/
/ɑ/
Open "a"
spa /spɑ/
/ɔ/
Open "o"
thought /θɔːt/
/ø/
Rounded "e"
søster (NO) /søstər/
/œ/
Open rounded "e"
sœur (FR) /sœʁ/
/y/
Rounded "i"
über (DE) /ˈyːbɐ/
/ʏ/
Short rounded "i"
hütte (DE) /ˈhʏtə/
/ɐ/
Near-open "a"
besser (DE) /ˈbɛsɐ/
/ɨ/
Central "i"
kısmet (TR) /kɨsˈmet/
/ʉ/
Central "u"
hus (NO) /hʉːs/
/ɵ/
Central rounded
hund (NO) /hɵnː/
/ɯ/
Unrounded "u"
gitmek (TR) /ɡɪtˈmɛk/
/å/
Rounded "o"
gå (NO) /ɡoː/
/æ/
Near-open "a"
bær (NO) /bæːr/

Non-English consonants

/ɾ/
Flap "r"
pero (ES) /ˈpeɾo/
/ʁ/
Uvular "r"
rouge (FR) /ʁuːʒ/
/ʀ/
Trill uvular "r"
rot (DE) /ʀoːt/
/ɹ/
English "r"
red /ɹɛd/
/ç/
Soft "ch"
ich (DE) /ɪç/
/x/
Hard "ch"
Bach (DE) /bɑːx/
/ɣ/
Voiced "ch"
lago (ES) /ˈlaɣo/
/ɲ/
"ny"
España (ES) /esˈpaɲa/
/ʎ/
"ly"
figlio (IT) /ˈfiʎːo/
/ɕ/
Soft "sh"
sjö (SV) /ɕøː/
/ʋ/
Soft "v"
vel (NO) /ʋeːl/
/ʔ/
Glottal stop
uh-oh /ˈʔʌʔoʊ/
/ɖ/
Retroflex "d"
bord (NO) /buːɖ/
/ʈ/
Retroflex "t"
kart (NO) /kɑːʈ/
/ɭ/
Retroflex "l"
perle (NO) /pæɭə/
/ɳ/
Retroflex "n"
barn (NO) /bɑːɳ/
/ɸ/
Bilabial "f"
fuji (JA) /ɸɯdʑi/
/β/
Bilabial "v"
lobo (ES) /ˈloβo/
/ħ/
Pharyngeal "h"
حب (AR) /ħub/
/ʕ/
Pharyngeal voiced
عين (AR) /ʕajn/

Tips for reading IPA

  • Stress marks: The symbol ˈ before a syllable means it's stressed. E.g. /ˈfɑːðər/ — stress on "fa".
  • Length marks: The symbol ː after a vowel means it's held longer. E.g. /iː/ vs /ɪ/.
  • Slashes vs brackets: /slashes/ show broad pronunciation (what you need). [brackets] show precise phonetic detail.
  • Don't memorize everything: Start with the vowels — they vary most between languages. Consonants are often similar to English.